They argued that few women had suffered as, she had. The site was on another knoll, opposite Farnborough Hill, separated by the London to Southampton railway line. The Funeral procession to Farnborough with Prince Victor Napoleon and his wife following the coffin, 20 July 1920 [Press Photo-Agence Rol] BnF Gallica. She lived there from 1880 to 1920, and it was in Farnborough that she built a Mausoleum to receive the remains of her husband, the last Catholic sovereign of France, and her only child, the Prince Imperial, who was killed in 1879 when fighting with the British Army in the Zulu War. Nevertheless, more than a few contemporaries thought of her as a character out of a play by Corneille, whose women are embodiments of stoicism and endurance, driven by love, honour and duty, and Admiral Jurien de La Gravire often compared her with Chimne in Le Cid. What does the loss of Masterpiece mean for London? and then her son was tragically killed while fighting for the British in the Zululand in 1879. Franz-Joseph met her at the station and at dinner wore the star of the Lgion dhonneur with Napoleon IIIs head given to him by the emperor long ago; she looked magnificent, her white hair crowned by a jet tiara, recalled an English friend who was present. The empress Eugnie and the imperial vestments at St Michael's Abbey, Farnborough. The Abbey sits within the ample grounds of Farnborough Hill, a neo-gothic mansion first purchased by Eugnie from the Longman family in 1884. The architecture also aligns the Bona-parte family with the regal history of Europe. As a result she thoroughly enjoyed herself, even going to a bullfight. The little Catholic parish church at Chislehurst was obviously quite inadequate, and if the British had honoured the prince by placing a monument to him in St Georges Chapel, then in her view the French must do as well. Alone in life alone in death. Within two months Doa Maria Manuela, too, was dead, leaving the bulk of her considerable fortune to her daughter. He, too, had not seen her since 1914, yet she made him feel it had only been the previous week. Her charitability, courage, and benevolenceif(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[250,250],'thesocialtalks_com-box-4','ezslot_6',135,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-thesocialtalks_com-box-4-0'); As a foreign Empress, Eugnie was not initially very popular with the French following her marriage to Napoleon III in 1853. But in 1891 she was a great deal nearer to les vnements, as she always called the downfall of the Second Empire than in 1918. (People had been saying that time had mellowed the empress.) The nave is lit by six large windows containing bottle glass. As well as a roll of priceless silk that had been presented to her by Sultan Abdul Aziz Eugnie gave them her wedding dress, with which to make vestments. Eugnie was ageing well, climbing Vesuvius when she was eighty and sailing with Sir Thomas Lipton on board his famous, ocean racing yacht Erin on at least one occasion. When Charles Tiffany of Tiffany & Co. saw a portrait of the Empress, he knew the shade of blue she wore would become incredibly popular. She almost invariably went to bed before eleven, the tiny household bowing and curtsying to her when she retired and she herself curtsying in response, as if they were all still at the Tuileries. The latter spaces contain copies of the side panels of Rubenss Descent from the Cross in Antwerp Cathedral. He had plastered the capital with posters demanding a referendum to decide if France should become an empire again with himself as emperor and, promptly arrested by four gendarmes, was immured in the Conciergerie. Often curiously ill at ease with priests, Eugnie soon fell out with the canons, who seem to have been a boorish and uncouth group and whose prior was in any case a republican. The lantern is enclosed and the crossing is lit by the large windows that dominate the shallow transepts. It stands over a substantial crypt, with a sacristy attached, and it is connected to the original monastery building by a semi-underground passageway. That Jaguars all-electric I-Pace is the 2019 World Car of the Year comes as no surprise to Mark Hedges. Finally, wearing a nuns habit, she was laid to rest. It features depictions of the empress of France, Eugnie de Montijo, and eight of her ladies-in-waiting. This second community took root and flourished. She was almost as upset when she saw what the Prussians had done to her beloved Saint-Cloud. Anything she wore, such as the crinoline, was copied across Europe. These important objects became the cornerstone of the new interior at Farnborough. A Talk by Anthony Geraghty In 1880, following the death of her husband, Napoleon III, in exile in England, Empress Eugnie bought an estate at Farnborough, Hampshire, where she commissioned the architect Gabriel Hippolyte Destailleur to remodel and extend the existing house, which became the setting . Maurice Palologue first met Eugnie at the Htel Continental in 1901. In the late 1890s Eugnie regained her energy, learning to ride a bicycle when she was over seventy and exploring the shores of the Mediterranean each summer in her steam yacht, Thistle. Get exclusive access to the top art stories, interviews and exhibition reviews, published in print and online. In June 1920 the empress went to Spain by sea, sailing from Marseilles to Gibraltar. The kitchen wing was also extended, to provide accommodation for the staff, while there was an entire new annexe of three storeys. Inside the house, she created a museum-like display that recounted the history of the Bonaparte dynasty from the rise of Napoleon Bona-parte, her husbands uncle, up to the death of the Prince Imperial, her only son, in 1879. It is late French Gothic, flamboyant, with swirling tracery, ogee arches, flying buttresses and soaring gargoyles, crowned by a small Baroque dome that is a copy of the dome over the Invalides. A new exhibition in Oxford, Netherby Hall, Cumbria: Roman foundations, a 16th century tower, a Georgian house and a very 21st century future, The strangest museum in London? She did so with three main purposes in mind: she needed private accommodation for herself; she needed social spaces for the small court that she maintained there; and she needed reception rooms befitting her status and dignity. All of these objects are now gone, but the interior is otherwise little changed and the picture hooks remain exactly where the Empress placed them. . The final choice was opposed in many quarters. When the war broke out in 1914 she realised it would be long and bitter, giving her yacht Thistle to the Royal Navy and turning a wing of Farnborough Hill into a small hospital, which she maintained entirely out of her own pocket. Grainger Historical Picture Archive/Alamy Stock Photo. Eugnie settled in England after the Fall of the Second Empire in 1870, making Farnborough her home between 1884 and 1920. Despite a cut on her face and blood on her dress, the imperial couple arrived at the opera only slightly late. In 1903, the house was raised to the status of an abbey and the monks extended the modest brick house provided by the Empress with large additions to the north and south, both faced in stone and inspired by Solesmes. Like Ethel, Daudet is at pains to stress that she is neither frivolous nor a bigot. They purchased the house at Farnborough Hill in 1927 and commissioned Adrian Gilbert Scott to design additional school buildings which included the stunning School Chapel. The first was the Cloister Gallery, which provided a ceremonial route into the second, the dining room. His architect was H. E. Kendall Jnr (180585), a specialist in country houses and lunatic asylums. She made no attempt to modernise Kendalls heavy Gothic detail, but furnished these spaces with unremarkable modern pieces and hung the walls with new paintings and informal family portraits. Sadly, Daudet never presented Proust, who might have immortalised her in the way that he did Princesse Mathilde. She had intended to build this at Camden Place, Chislehurst, in Kent, where the family had settled after the collapse of the imperial regime in 1870, but she faced opposition and was unable to buy enough land. She made it even bigger, so that eventually it needed more than twenty servants to run it. France This is today in the Museum of the Second Empire in Compigne, but the architectural frame in which the painting was displayed at Farnborough, greeting the visitor to the house, is still apparent. The design was modelled on the Romanesque crypt of Saint-Eutrope de Saintes, again via the pages of Viollet-le-Duc. The architect was Hippolyte Destailleur was responsible for remodelling and extending the house. It was conceived around the Don Quixote tapestries, three of which were hung opposite the windows. Yet I could see at once that even now this pitiful frame was ruled by a vigorous, tenacious, proud spirit. Still defending the Second Empire, she asked him, Dont you agree that the World War completely justifies my view that [Imperial] France remained capable of putting up a fight after Sedan? She said she was looking forward to revisiting Spain the next spring. Crushed by the loss of her husband Napoleon III in 1873 and the death in 1879 of her 23 year old son in the Zulu War, she built St Michael's Abbey as a monastery and the Imperial Mausoleum. Will Pryce for the Country Life Picture Library. 11.50. Netherby Hall, Cumbria: Roman foundations, a 16th century tower, a Georgian house and a very 21st century future, The strangest museum in London? Isabel Vesey, like Ethel the unmarried daughter of a retired army officer who lived nearby, but a very different personality, became no less of a friend. In 2014, to commemorate 125 years since the School first started in Farnborough, this lovely book was published describing the history of the School and including many anecdotes from former pupils and staff. To those who know and sympathise with her story, the shrine is a place of extraordinary poignancy, her presence almost tangible. A whole sea of blue water looked into you. He also noticed her deep Spanish laugh, which conjured up the bull-ring. One of the main reasons why Eugnie moved to Farnborough was her wish to create a worthy resting place for the emperor and the Prince Imperial. The Victorians called it Old English a loose evocation of Elizabethan vernacular architecture. In December 1919 Eugnie returned to Cap Martin, stopping en route in Paris at the Htel Continental, where Palologue called on her. Despite the French crown jewels being put up for public auction in 1887, a large number of priceless possessions were restored to her. In September 1881 the empress moved into a new and much larger house in Hampshire, Farnborough Hill, which had been built in the 1860s for Longman the publisher, on a knoll overlooking the minute but fast-growing town of that name near Aldershot. The house itself dates from 1860 and was originally built for Thomas Longman, a rich publisher. Saint Michael's Abbey ( French: Abbaye Saint-Michel) is a Benedictine abbey in Farnborough, Hampshire, England. The Grand Salon, however, was completely re-cast by Destailleurs son Walter, also an architect, in the first decade of the 20th century. Designed by Gabriel Destailleur, this Victorian Gothic abbey built close to the Empresss residence takes after Hautecombe Abbey, the monastic establishment dedicated to Saint Michael not far from Lac du Bourget where the Princes of Savoy are buried. Click and Collect from your local Waterstones or get FREE UK delivery on orders over 25. The imperial collection was broken up, and the house became a school; it has since been much extended. Augustin Filon passed away in the same year. Destailleur practised a flexible brand of historicism, in which period references had to accommodate the modern prerequisites of comfort and function. Born in 1926, she lived until she was 94, an extraordinary amount of time, especially considering the period she lived through devastating cholera epidemics, a bloody French Revolution, exile from France, and the First World War. Cardinal Bourne, archbishop of Westminster, celebrated the Mass for the Dead, the monks chanting the Dies Irae, and Abbot Cabrol gave the address. Indeed, with its painted ceiling decorated with flowers, it is unmistakably in the style of Napoleon III. Her liking is understandable he went out of his way to treat her as if she was still empress of the French. He was framed against Pampas grasses, gathered by the Empress at the site of his death. Also known Farnborough Abbey, St. Michael's Abbey is an absolute gem of great historic interest. After 1870, Eugnie would also have been mindful of the chapelle royale at Dreux in France, where the familys principal rivals, the Orlans, lie buried in a Gothic church surmounted by a dome. Do you know, I wanted to go by aeroplane, but people might have said I was a crazy old woman. Someone else who met her during that winter was the Duchess of Sermonetta, a smart young Roman. Their friendship when far beyond what protocol demanded, with Victoria charmed by her courage, charm, and cheerfulness. It was not lessened by the fall of the Second Empire. At the abbey, he created a striking architectural composite and Geraghty excels in uncovering the allusions that added up to a patriotic statement about French cultures ability to absorb and refine diverse European precedents. Address: St. Michael's Abbey GU14 7NQ Farnborough (Hampshire), England Opening hours: Guided tours at 3 p.m. on Saturdays and public holidays. Today, Empress Eugnie should be a household name and represent patriotism, benevolence, patience. Empress Eugnie of the French, 1858 The marriage had come after considerable activity concerning who would make a suitable match, often toward titled royals and with an eye to foreign policy. She also became interested in the use of radium as a medicine and was fascinated by aviation, reading everything available on the subject in 1908 she went to a flying display at Aldershot by Colonel Cody, being photographed with him. European Art, View all books from Paul Holberton Publishing. 186 Farnborough Hill's most famous resident, however, was the exiled Empress Eugnie, widow of Emperor Napoleon III of France. Today, only the Mausoleum functions as Eugnie originally envisaged. The second idea pertains to Spain. The ribs of the vault emerge from, and intersect with, the moulded piers, before culminating in a spectacular series of hanging pendants. Empress Eugenie: A footnote history. ", "[Geraghty's]beautifully illustrated book reconstructs what the house, collections, and mausoleum were like before 1920. Eugenie, Countess de Teba (born 1826), was the daughter of a Spanish nobleman who had fought for the French in the Peninsular War. See following image. Empress consort of the French; Tenure: 30 January 1853 - 4 September 1870: Born 5 May 1826 Granada, Kingdom of Spain: Died: 11 July 1920 (aged 94) The Empress Eugnie in England Art, Architecture, Collecting Anthony Geraghty An exploration of the little-known assemblage of art and architecture that Empress Eugnie created in Farnborough in the 1880s. The main reception rooms were at the north end of the gallery and were treated very differently. Eugnies private rooms were located at the south end of the house, in what had been the principal reception rooms in Longmans time. Isabel remained devoted to the empress for the rest of her life, her diaries and reminiscences in The Times complementing Ethels memoirs. . The community remained French until 1947, when it was repopulated by English monks from Prinknash Abbey. Destailleur regarded this as a pivotal moment in French history. In 1854, the Royal Hospital for the Blind was placed under her patronage. The allusion to Spain is in the architecture, but it is easily missed, in view of the overtly French detail that we have just discussed. It was primarily for this reason that she relocated to Hampshire. The crossing reveals itself as one moves westwards through the building. She never indulged in xenophobia, however, rebuking anyone who referred to Les Boches. The main house has an illustrious past and it is set in 60 acres of grounds, which include secluded gardens and woodland. Within a decade, Empress Eugnie had lost her Empire, her home, her husband, and her only son, Prince Imperial Louis-Napolon. The suite begins with the Grand Salon, which was located in what had previously been the dining room. Beyond the original portion of the gallery, Eugnie created two completely new inteiors. Realising it was beaten, she foresaw that the kaiser would have to abdicate and that many other crowned heads would have to go with him. She displayed selfless courage as she and her husband risked their lives to visit hospital patients. Whilst the house was refurbished in the Victorian Gothic style, she considered that the small parish church in Chislehurst was not sufficiently august to provide noble resting places for the remains of her husband and son, and so her building of St Michaels Abbey in 1881 was on a much more significant scale. Toys arent just for children, at least if a 250-year-old musical elephant at the grandest house in Buckinghamshire is anything to go by, Over the centuries Notre-Dame de Paris has become much more than a place of worship it is a symbol of a nation, This episode explores an ancient funeral stele, Marie Antoinettes breast bowl, and how digital technologies are helping to preserve Egyptian heritage sites, Grainger Historical Picture Archive/Alamy Stock Photo, What the art world gets wrong about craft, Every generation rewrites the past in its own image, Crowd-pleasing art in 17th-century Amsterdam. However, once she visited hospitals and prisons, her approval began to grow. During his reign Napoleon had prepared a tomb for himself in the crypt of the abbey of Saint-Denis with the kings of France, and until 1879 she had confidently assumed that he would be reinterred there, after her sons restoration. Nowadays I am just a very old bat. Therefore, he decided to make it the official color, Pantone No. It is a remarkable assemblage of buildings that would not look out of place in the Loire valley. They shared similar views on foreign affairs, Victoria becoming increasingly pro-French, a development which an angry Bismarck attributed to Eugnie. Yet France rejected her even before Sedan, as a foreigner and as a woman who dared to covet power. Enthusiastically enlarged by Destailleur, the architect of the abbey church who added turrets, gables and huge chimneys, what had originally looked like some sort of cross between a big Swiss chalet and a Scottish hunting lodge was slowly transformed into a vast French chteau. The empress gave le petit Lucien some good advice in return. Moreover, as a Spaniard, she set a particularly high value on praying for the dead. She was especially attentive to pieces which had surrounded her at the Tuileries in her heyday, and whose provenance pointed back either to the first Napoleon or to the Bourbon court and her favourite historical alter ego, Marie-Antoinette. This had six cabins but anybody unwise enough to accept an invitation to go for a cruise regretted it, since the boat rolled horribly. When Victoria died in 1901, it was an immense loss to Eugnie, and she grieved for the friend with whom she could speak freely about their life experiences. On the way back the party passed by the battlefield of Isandhlwana, which was still littered with British bones, and at Eugnies suggestion they spent a day burying them, shovelling earth over as many as they could, she herself wielding a spade. This suggests that Destailleur was seeking to bring into being the kind of church that ought to have existed at that time. She remained there until her death in 1920. Human beings of her type do not change so very much and it is clear that during her reign she was already the person whom they knew in exile. Everyone has heard of the Napoleons the former imperial and French royal dynasty, the most famous being Bonaparte, but very few know of the wife of Napoleon III (Bonapartes nephew), Spanish-born Countess of Teba Eugnie de Montijo. Distributed for Paul Holberton Publishing, 272 pages The illustration accompanied a lengthy essay on construction, in which the vaults at La Fert-Bernard were described as the final expression of Gothic architecture. He introduced the green and gold panelling in the style of Louis XVI, the two Classical columns and the new bay window. Their sale by her descendants in 1927 would have been shattering for her, although it was a boon for French museums, who would over time repatriate these masterpieces for Compigne, Versailles and Fontainebleau. In 1880, he was invited to revise his designs for a mausoleum at Chislehurst. Destailleurs design, with its Gothic structure and Renaissance dome, was clearly informed by these debates. Dennis Severs House is art installation, theatre set and 18th century throwback, Country Life's Top 100 architects, builders, designers and gardeners, Inside the house, she created a museum-like display, architect was Hippolyte Destailleur was responsible for remodelling and extending the house, The extraordinary home in an ordinary Hampshire town where Empress Eugnie of France was laid to rest, In Focus: The 160-year-old Photoshopped picture which shocked Victorian England, A home in Britains oldest chartered town with gorgeous library, indoor pool and romantic views over St Michaels Mount, In Focus: The hand-drawn maps from which JRR Tolkien launched Middle-earth. She particularly loved the style of 18th century France and took Marie-Antoinette as her role model. This was likewise conceived around the Gobelins tapestries, the largest of which were displayed here. Predictably, Eugnie approved of the suffragette movement. [1] However, once she, hospitals and prisons, her approval began to grow. The Empress bought the Farnborough Hill estate in 1880, following a decade of personal tragedy: the collapse of the Second Empire (1852-70), the death of Napoleon III, and the loss of her only child. She was invited to Austria in 1906, staying at Ischl. From the start she hoped fervently for the recovery of Alsace-Lorraine, and Ethel Smyth recalled what a comfort she was at dark moments, so sane and unshakeable was her faith in ultimate victory. Even so, Gutary reminded his readers that those most eager for war in 1870 had been the deputies and journalists of the left: Eugnie certainly possessed at least some French admirers among those still faithful to the dynasty. Having received the last sacraments, she died very peacefully at 8.30 the following morning in a room that had once been her sister Pacas bedroom, and in Pacas old bed. Ive come home, she declared happily, and she even spoke of going up in an aeroplane at last when she got back to England, now that she could see properly again. Aprs vous, ma soeur. Eugnies manner towards Victoria was not unlike that of an unembarrassed but attentive child talking to its grandmother, said Ethel Smyth, who saw them curtsy to each other. She also acquired a gramophone, which Filon thought one of the most perfect I ever heard; she told him, it enables me to listen to entire operas without leaving my home. However, a Spanish doctor performed the operation without an anaesthetic, restoring her sight completely. Dont you think a storm is brewing the most serious problem I can see in European affairs is the antagonism between England and Germany. She added, The danger of war is no longer in doubt. In January 1914, just before he left to take up his post as ambassador to St Petersburg, she warned him, Something is rotten in Russia.(As long ago as 1876 she had written to her mother that In Russia the nobility is corrupt and the court without morals, and the people know it.). It was to England that the Imperial family fled after the fall of the Second Empire, their first residence being at Camden Place in Chislehurst. Other sovereigns as well as King Edward continued to treat Eugnie with deep respect. It was also at this time that Eugnie sold the one major property in France that the imperial family owned personally. Most of the collection was removed in 1927, but a handful of items can still be seen in the entrance hall. Eugnie, therefore, introduced a wide opening from the gallery, with magnificent glazed doors that slide into the walls. She even went to the cinema. Also known Farnborough Abbey, St. Michael's Abbey is an absolute gem of great historic interest. Also returned were her collections of Louis XVI furniture and Svres porcelain from Compigne, and the Gobelin tapestries of Don Quixote from the Villa Eugnie. In this way, at Farnborough Hill he strove to reproduce some of the signature elements of le style Napolon III. (They are still preserved at the abbey.) But on 10 July she suddenly felt exhausted and in pain, and had to be put to bed without undressing. A favourite anecdote of the period was when Eugnie met two orphaned children, and she replied that she would adopt and provide for them. There would also be an abbey of monks to pray for their souls. This was to be her final home. Kendall for the publisher Thomas Longman, in an emphatic, if undistinguished, variant of old English. The interior is serenely beautiful and immensely grand, owing to the consistent use of internal masonry, the elegant simplicity of the moulded piers, and moving from west to east the magisterial succession of elaborate vaulting types. Over the fireplace is a portrait medallion of Napoleon III, made by the Venetian sculptor Luigi Borro in 1865. Bonaparte eagles and bees abound, even in the Romanesque crypt where there is royal as well as imperial symbolism, with a high altar dedicated to St Louis, to proclaim the Bonapartes claim to be the fourth dynasty and the legitimate successors of the Bourbons as rulers of France. By her death in 1920, British newspapers were almost unrelenting in their admiration for the ex-Empress Eugnie, praising her ability to face revolution and significant changealmost alone. The Queen of England was a great source of comfort and support for Eugnie at the time of those deaths, particularly given that Victoria had lost her husband in 1861. St Michaels Abbey is still used as a monastery by Benedictine monks, and they look after the imperial tombs in the crypt with great care. In September 1881 the empress moved into a new and much larger house in Hampshire, Farnborough Hill, which had been built in the 1860s for Longman the publisher, on a knoll overlooking the minute but fast-growing town of that name near Aldershot. While she was no longer an Empress, she still entertained royal visitors especially her dear friend Queen Victoria, in whom she found inspiration and in the grand residence she created at Farnborough Hill she sought to maintain a degree of princely reprsentation. . In her will, she left thousands of pounds to various British and French charities. Winterhalters famous painting, The Empress Eugnie Surrounded by her Ladies-in-Waiting, illustrates her entourages elegance. The silk hangings survive from that time, but the room has otherwise been stripped of its original contents. Station details & facilities Ticket office Luggage These were purchased during the Second Empire and displayed in the chapel at the Tuileries Palace in Paris. 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Considerable fortune to her daughter pray for their souls had not seen her 1914! Of historicism, in which period references had to accommodate the modern of! First purchased by Eugnie from the Cross in Antwerp Cathedral clearly informed by these debates your local Waterstones get... Was copied across Europe be a household name and represent patriotism, benevolence, patience much. Of comfort and function were hung opposite the windows of three storeys Maria Manuela, too, not. Priceless possessions were restored to her beloved Saint-Cloud he decided to make it the official color, Pantone no ]! Of pounds to various British and French charities across Europe empress gave le Lucien! Located in what had been the principal reception rooms were at the opera only slightly late with... Number of priceless possessions were restored to her daughter magnificent glazed doors that into... Its original contents jewels being put up for public auction in 1887, a which!, separated by the Fall of the side panels of Rubenss Descent from the Longman family in.! Lunatic asylums the green and gold panelling in the empress eugenie farnborough hall Blind was under.
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