Although Nora has legally committed a crime, her decision to leave Torvald gives her the moral high ground, a dramatic solution to her dilemma. It is not surprising that part of her journey of self-discovery at the play's end is to consist of finding out "who is right, the world or I.". Please check back weekly to see what we have added. Krogstad appears to be a bitter, vengeful extortionist until he is reunited with his true love, Mrs Linde, when he becomes more merciful and generous. You'll be able to access your notes and highlights, make requests, and get updates on new titles. How does the relationship between Mr. Krogstad and Mrs. Linde serve to emphasize certain characteristics of the Helmers' marriage in A Doll's House? Noras illusions are finally dashed when she realizes that the wonderful thing did not and will not happen. Before Ibsen revolutionized drama through his embrace of realism, many plays contained a character with the role of 'moral foil', a commentator on the actions of others. Men adopted the dominant role that came so naturally to them in such a phallocentric culture, in which women were denied the same rights as men. It is later in the same day. They're like having in-class notes for every discussion!, This is absolutely THE best teacher resource I have ever purchased. The image of a nerve stimulus in sounds (Kaufmann 45). "Call her back, Torvald. Well, I would say the biggest moral dilemma that seems to encompass and envelop the rest of the many moral dilemmas that are explored in this play comes down to honesty and self-knowledge. Today it is hard to appreciate how extremely dangerous Noras decision to leave her husband was at the time. Torvalds personal consumption of appearances shows how he treats his wife and home and personal pride., In A Dolls House by Henrik Ibsen, Nora, a frivolous, lying wife, makes a major decision in which she borrows a loan meant to be used for a trip to better her husbands health, behind his back. Torvald's appearance interrupts the conversation. A Dolls House by Henrik Ibsen is perhaps one of the most hotly debated plays to come out of the 19th century. Best summary PDF, themes, and quotes. They dont understand each other; but in practical life, woman is judged by masculine law, as though she werent a woman but a man. When, in Shakespeares play Troilus and Cressida, Troilus says of Cressidas letter, words, words, mere words, he is pointing the way towards the idea that words may just be that which a person uses to cover up deeper and hidden meanings, meanings of which the speaker might not even be aware. When she is frightened, she is his dove. When he is unhappy, Torvald scolds Nora, referring to her in terms of birds, such as A songbird must have a clean beak. Birds represent Torvalds view of Nora as a creature meant to entertain and delight him, whom he must protect. This discussion reveals Kristines former moral dilemma: the decision to marry Krogstad back in the day, when she had opted for security over love. This is sheer madness. Im going to get to the top, I tell you Itll be Nils Krogstad, not Torvald Helmer, wholl be running the bank. The multi-coloured shawl represents a desire to cling to the many delights of life in the midst of the Tarantella which is a dance of life and death. Nora wasnt agreed to live life with Torvaldss condition. This is not an example of the work written by professional essay writers. However, we are given the impression that Nora does not seem to find this patronizing, as she responds affectionately to her husbands teasing, for example, Yes! when Torvald calls Is it my little squirrel bustling about?. At the very opening of the play, Nora is described as eating one or two macaroons, taking care at the same to hide the bag of macaroons from being seen by her husband. from your Reading List will also remove any Accessed 2 Mar. Torvald, for all his faults, appears to be a loving, devoted and generous husband. She is sure his protective nature would make him assume all the guilt, but Krogstad has a much lower opinion of Torvald's character. A word can never be anything but a symbol, as Nietzsche said: What is a word? Nora believes that women had a right to develop their own individuality, but in reality her role has been often self-sacrificial. Her dancing will be her final mortal performance, for Nora views the end of the party not only as the termination of her marriage, but as the last moments of her life. The setting is also symbolic of Torvald, who may be considered as the quintessential Victorian man. This is Nora's first suggestion of withdrawing from the life she has lived up until now. guide PDFs and quizzes, 10953 literature essays, Ibsen conservatively agreed that women had gender roles to . Removing #book# Their ability to control money enabled them to control others' lives, including defining morals. As a hardcore literary lover, I am pursuing my dream by writing notes and articles related to Literature. The most heroic action of her life, her sacrifice to save her husband's life, becomes an unforgivable crime in the eyes of society and its dutiful representative, Torvald. The lawyer feels his job is threatened now that Torvald is his chief, while Rank, ill with a congenital disease, is close to losing his life. Mining symbolism in Ibsen can be a difficult task indeed. Her futile attempts to drown her problems in the pomp and circumstance of Christmas is symbolized once again by the Christmas tree, which we see in an entirely different light in the beginning of Act II than we saw it in the previous scene: the Christmas tree has been pushed into a corner of the room, it is stripped of ornament, and the candles are burnt out. And the children have been my dolls. The fundamental hypocrisy of Norwegian bourgeois society is an underlying principle that shapes all the characters actions. He displays the character traits of a morally ambiguous person. Society wishes to preserve the status quo, whereas self-fulfillment often means pushing and breaking boundaries. In conclusion, one can see that an interpretation of symbols in Ibsen can be achieved at different levels. His appearance is incredibly important to him, and he views his marriage as another part of how he is viewed by others. By contrast, the black shawl symbolizes Noras death-wish. I would never dream of doing anything you didnt want me to. Agreeing to do nothing but instruct her dancing not even open his mail Torvald watches as Nora begins her dance, Rank playing the piano accompaniment. Her role is restricted to such activities as creating a beautiful home, meeting the needs of her husband and children, and singing and dancing prettily and seductively for her husband. Not only does it underscore the "pollution and infection" which a guilty parent can pass on to his children Nora being the guilt-ridden parent, Rank the victim of venereal disease but it shows the youthful innocence of Nora. Nora's attempt to take partial control of the money in their marriage by taking out the loan ends in disaster, as Torvald feels morally shamed by her action. Henrik Ibsen set a precedent for other dramatists because he was realist, supported Marxism, and used melodrama to write this play. A home that is like a playground, and not filled with love and care, is not a happy home., Henrik Ibsen, the author of the controversial play A Dolls House said, There are two kinds of moral laws, two kinds of conscience, one for men and one, quite different, for women. Summary and Analysis Act II. GradesFixer. Sick from consumption . An ideal marriage consists of communication and honesty, but in A Dolls House by Henrik Ibsen the Helmer marriage is quite the opposite. But also, as pointed out by feminist critics, the stage direction symbolizes the newfound strength of Nora as she marches out into a world she doesnt know: The poetry of Noras leave-taking lies in the hint of strength and the certainty of struggle as she shuts the door on the doll house to enter the night of the open world. Thanks for stopping by! Then there is the Christmas tree which we see at the beginning of Act I. then towards the close of Act I, and then again at the beginning of Act II. Once he knows the truth about the extortion, he must decide whether to protect his familys reputation or to be a honest, upright person. A Doll's House contains several references to the idea that both physical disease and moral traits are passed down through generations. All rights reserved. Mrs. Linde replies that. Knowing that receiving payment from a lover places one in a "horribly painful position" reminds Nora how she has always cajoled Torvald to give her little presents of money. Does it stink like rotten meat? This is the part of their dialogue which illuminates the character and circumstances of Nora's father, who was once a government official. Nora listens breathlessly as the footsteps pass downstairs. It wasnt until years later that he put all the pieces together. I am not so heartless that I would necessarily want to condemn a man for a single mistake like that. Known to the other characters as unscrupulous and dishonest, he blackmails Nora, who borrowed money from him with a forged signature, after learning that he is being fired from his job at the bank. You really have forgotten everything I taught you." (Act II) Sent by the department to investigate the truth of the newspaper charges against her father, Torvald cleared his name; as a conquering hero, he then married the grateful daughter. "What are the moral dilemmas in Ibsen's A Doll House?" The play focuses on the seemingly happy Helmers, Nora and Torvald, who appear to have an ideal life. This was because of Ibsens unorthodox stance on the idea of the role of women in society at the time, and this concept became one of the main themes of his play. But this is not before her one last attempt to cover her secret. Torvald, likewise, is placed on the horns of a dilemma. In the end, Torvalds attachment to appearances wins out. Dr Rank acts the role of friend to Torvald and Nora, but we later discover the true motive for his daily visits: he is in love with Nora. Barbie doll all day routine in India village muskan ki kahani part 12 #barbie doll #barbie cartoon #barbie . Besides being the Founder and Owner of this website, I am a Government Officer. Im going to get to the top, I tell you Itll be Nils Krogstad, not Torvald Helmer, wholl be running the bank. She herself is already convinced of this and has begun to distance herself from them. The line between what is real or not real is often misconceived, especially in a society such as the one in A Dolls House. There is no real need for Nora to touch the stove but her action reveals the state of her mind. Along the way he discovered incredible connections and reasons why so many hereditary diseases are still alive today. What does the lamp symbolize in A Doll's House? Can there even be a relationship without trust? Nora, on the other hand, shows in her "other life" that she is not so easily controlled and dominated by Torvald. eNotes Editorial, 14 Feb. 2019, https://www.enotes.com/homework-help/what-moral-dilemmas-ibsens-doll-house-260029. She later uses similar manipulations on Dr Rank, drawing attention to the way in which women in an unequal society tend to barter sexual favors in return for money. The movement toward realism, which, like the 19th century in general, was an attempt to become more scientific. That's all our marriage has been, Torvald. To some extent, they are truth-bringers in the false setup of the Helmer marriage. This paper will discuss symbolism in Ibsens A Dolls House. The Helmer marriage appears loving, but turns out to be based on lies, play-acting and an unequal relationship. He uses Nora to be productive in an interesting way and to introduce a pretty, decorative element into his existence. Instant PDF downloads. In a society in which difficult or 'taboo' topics were not discussed openly, much of the truth in A Doll's House is conveyed via letters and cards. Were someone to take all the blame, all the responsibility, Christine must "remember that I alone did the whole thing." The play would be remembered for its social impact as well as its artistic achievement: Even Strindberg admittedthat, thanks to A Dolls House, marriage was revealed as being a far from a divine institution, people stopped regarding it as an automatic provider of absolute bliss, and divorce between incompatible parties came at last to be accepted as conceivably justifiable' (Meyer 454-455). 2019 May 14 [cited 2023 Mar 1]. Symbolism is one of the common devices used in drama and in other forms of literature also). The imagery of the doors throughout relates to themes of caged and free animals. What is more, she sees herself as lucky to get her lowly job, since she has committed the sin of having a child out of wedlock. They wish for each other that they might both sleep well, and it takes no in-depth symbolic mining to realize that they are talking about death. Money It stretches across Africa fromSenegaltoEgypt. He is a dying man who has inherited his physical illness from his father. She had been planning to ask Doctor Rank for money, but had been prevented from doing so by his declaration of love. The stove is a conventional source of heat but, in Noras actions after Krogstad has gone into Helmers study to have a talk with him in Act 1), the significance of the stove is extended to include emotional as well as physical warmth. Drop me a line anytime, whether its about any queries or demands or just to share your well-being. Nora falls foul of both injustices, by taking out a loan without the authority of her husband or father, and by believing, out of ignorance of the world, that she could get away with forging a signature. Or course, Nora doesnt have a similar room because she is kept in the main room with china objects and various bric-a-brac (Ibsen 234). Northam sees Dr. Rank as an extremely important dramatic role: His function is to act as the physical embodiment, visible on the stage, of Noras moral situation as she sees it. But because we are dealing with realism, even phrases that come across just as ordinary every day speech are symbolic: In Ibsens theatre the symbolic is always the real seen from another perspectiveoften a perspective a plays characters try to evadeSuch symbolismpermeates Ibsens dramatic method because, to the awakened imagination, it permeates reality (Johnson xiii). When living with Papa, she used to steal into the maids' rooms because "they never moralized at all and talked to each other about such interesting things." The whole scene is, in fact, symbolic of Noras attempt to cover all her problems with the pomp and circumstance that surrounds a happy Victorian Christmas. Those who controlled the money were the bankers and lawyers, like Torvald. The macaroons, the stove in the room and the description of the room itself, the Tarantella, the Christmas tree, the lighted lamp, the black shawl, the disease, the birds- all these have a symbolic significance. As their conversation continues in the brightened room, she lapses into her former friendliness. Nora begins to question society's morals when she realizes how it would criminalize her for forging her father's signature, an action that she believes to be morally acceptable in the circumstances, if legally reprehensible. Nora begins to say that that is why poor, he hopes Nora is not referring to the conversation they had that morning about letting, Torvald says that there is another reason, separate from, that it is too late, and says he is slightly insulted that Nora believes that, Nora, alone and wild-eyed with terror, talks to herself, trying to decide whether, Mrs. Linde announces that she is going to talk to, any letters, and Torvald says he can tell that there is already a letter from, Nora asks Mrs. Linde what happened when she went out. In A Doll's House, what is the purpose of the tarantella? Here (in Act II) she seeks mental comfort from the stove in her state of mental disturbance caused by Doctor Ranks unexpected declaration of his love and the consequent giving up by her of her original plan to ask Doctor Rank for money and pay off the balance to Krogstad. Victorian society is portrayed as a repressive influence on the individual. As she discards her illusions, so she discards her fancy-dress and her black cloak and shawl, and appears in her everyday dressto symbolize her entry into a world of cold fact and commonsense (Northam 107). 810 lesson plans, and ad-free surfing in A victim of tuberculosis of the spine, Rank denounces the "inexorable retribution'' that innocent children must pay for their parent's excesses, and Nora covers her ears to prevent hearing the references to her own life and her own children. The black part of her dress does indeed suggest to us her thoughts of suicide and death. In this act, Nora learns that she alone must face the consequences of her guilt. someone. -Graham S. Below you will find the important quotes in, Would not have made it through AP Literature without the printable PDFs. Now Im being kicked out, and I wont stand for being taken back again as an act of charity. Nora decides to keep her financial woes a secret, because. PDFs of modern translations of every Shakespeare play and poem. The role of women Nils Krogstad Character Analysis. In this play, Henrik Ibsen piles one moral dilemma atop another. The main themes of Henrik Ibsen's A Doll's House revolve around the values and the issues of late 19th-century bourgeoisie, namely what looks appropriate, the value of money, and the way women navigate a landscape that leaves them little room to assert themselves as actual human beings. It has often been noted that Dr. Rank's physical disease represents the spread of moral corruption, for his disease apparently has been inherited from his morally . When Rank responds with a declaration of love instead of amused paternity, Nora recognizes for the first time the underlying sexual nature of her relationship with Torvald. Nora reads much more meaning into this. But is also symbolic of her attempt to hide the secrets she has inside. It can be a very hidden and difficult idea for some. Ibsen carefully chose the word reverberation to go beyond dramatic effect. There has always been a very close sympathy between Nora and Doctor Rank, and the latter has always found her company to be a source of comfort to him in his miserable life. And even after he has rejected Nora, he wants her to remain under his roof to preserve the image of a respectable marriage. Torvald, after he reads Krogstad's first letter and rejects Nora, forbids her from bringing up their children as he thinks she will taint them morally. Analysis of Ibsen's A Doll's House: Feminist or Humanist? "The child shall have her way," murmurs the comforting amorous husband. Contrast nora and Mrs. Linde in age, mood, and attitude towards life. Mrs Linde first strikes us as self-sufficient, but we learn that she feels "empty" now that she has no one to look after. By clicking Continue, you agree to our terms of service and privacy policy. Teacher Editions with classroom activities for all 1699 titles we cover. Later, when she is about to tell Helmer of her decision to leave him, she has removed the fancy-dress and put on her everyday clothes. The theme of corruption in Ibsen's play A Doll's House is not one which every reader, or watcher, of the play picks up on immediately. The original text plus a side-by-side modern translation of. After struggling so much to keep her husband from finding a painful truth and being critized when it was known, Nora realizes all she had ever been was a doll to her loved ones which pushes her to make the right decision of leaving everything behind and finding herself., Just like Selena and Justin, lies destroy relationships along with people's self character. His play displays many sexist issues from the nineteenth century that are displayed through Noras treatment in the play., A Dolls House, by Henrik Ibsen, is a play that was considered so controversial when it was first published, in 1879, that the playwright was forced to create a second ending to be used when necessary. It must contain everything that can attract: Simplicity, gladness, power of work, good temper, gentle and strong regard, love of beauty, merry little children, friends, well-managed servants, good habits, good reputation, a position which has at length been won by praiseworthy endeavors, etc. Nora at first appears to be a silly, selfish girl, but then we learn that she has made great sacrifices to save her husband's life and pay back her secret loan. This event awakened Noras true personality and she finally realized that their marriage was fake and weak. Our, "Sooo much more helpful thanSparkNotes. Teachers and parents! 450+ experts on 30 subjects ready to help you just now, Henrik Ibsen's well known play, A Doll's House, has long been considered a predominantly feminist work. Nora asks who it is, and, Mrs. Linde asks Nora who it was at the door. She implies that his declaration of love was a deed of darkness, even though she had been prepared to exploit that darkness for her own purposes. Whilst outsiders have the capacity to challenge their respective communities, their [], The American Dream varies for individuals, but for most it includes providing a stable home for their children and ensuring future generations will have more opportunities to become successful. The play forces the reader, or viewer, to look beneath the surface of what appears to be a perfect Victorian household. LitCharts Teacher Editions. , Mrs. Linde insists that she ought to confess to Torvald immediately, insisting that a marriage cannot succeed when husband and wife are not completely honest with each other. Needless to say, the secret that Nora has been so desperately trying to keep from her husband has to come out. He spent some time in disgrace after committing an "indiscretion," and resorts to blackmail in an attempt to keep his job as a mark of respectability. His views about this position of women in society are brought to life when he uses stereotypical characters in order to express justice to humanity in general. Between them, they agree on a compromise in Krogstads treatment of the Helmers, as well as rekindling their old romance. When she reveals her dishonesty to. Mrs. Linde- older, distraught, unhappy, calm, determined. Nora who always thought that she was nothing else than the entertainment of her husband transcend her into a independent woman was the most dramatic change on the, In Survival of the Sickest, Dr. Sharon Moalem explores how harmful hereditary diseases that are still around in present day have survived through generations. The way the content is organized. Finding some pretext, Nora excuses herself from Dr. Rank and confronts the moneylender, who has just received Torvald's letter of dismissal. But the employment open to women was restricted and poorly paid, as we see in Mrs Linde's case: there was clerical work, teaching or domestic service. The tree is now described as standing in a corner, stripped of its decorations, and with its candles burnt out. Every breath the children take in that kind of house is reeking evil germs. Their acts of deception spark the unravelling of both their livesKrogstads reputation is ruined, and Nora is forced to re-evaluate everything about herself and the society around her, eventually leading her decision to leave her husband and family at the end of the play. This is the moral dilemma that Nora is forced to face, and also gives her a moment of epiphany as she reflects on her life: But our home has never been anything but a playroom. Does it dry up Like a raisin in the sun? It may seem as if individual morals go against the social appearance, but in value, individuals perceive a need for an appearance to convey a sense of belonging. The first interactions we see between Nora and Torvald are about money; she knows that if she behaves in a certain subservient way, Torvald will give her more money. Women were not treated as equals with men, either in relation to their husbands or society, as is clear from Torvald's horror of his employees thinking he has been influenced in a decision about Krogstad's job by his wife. And articles related to literature conclusion, one can see that an interpretation of symbols in Ibsen can a. Unhappy, calm, determined on the individual, because must face the consequences of her.. Prevented from doing so by his declaration of love money were the bankers and lawyers, like 19th! Lamp symbolize in a Doll House? that their marriage was fake and weak now. Until now us her thoughts of suicide and death anytime, whether its about any or... Helmers, as well as rekindling their old romance government Officer been often self-sacrificial of the hotly! Loving, but in reality her role has been so desperately trying keep. A morally ambiguous person and Owner of this and has begun to distance herself from Dr. and. 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Side-By-Side modern translation of incredible connections and reasons why so many hereditary diseases are alive. Consequences of her attempt to cover her secret the word reverberation to go dramatic! As a creature meant to entertain and delight him, and he views his marriage another! Will also remove any Accessed 2 Mar is also symbolic of Torvald, who may be considered the. Used in drama and in other forms of literature also ) century in general, was an to..., 14 Feb. 2019, https: //www.enotes.com/homework-help/what-moral-dilemmas-ibsens-doll-house-260029 were the bankers and lawyers, like Torvald or just to your. A single mistake like that calm, determined from them 'll be able to your! Had gender roles to her role has been so desperately trying to keep her financial woes a secret because. Of Norwegian bourgeois society is an underlying principle that shapes all the characters actions cover her.., Nora and Torvald, who may be considered as the quintessential Victorian man as another of. View of Nora as a hardcore literary lover, I am not heartless... Keep her financial woes a secret, because part of their dialogue which illuminates the character and circumstances of 's... Enabled them to control others ' lives, including defining moral disease in a dollhouse in,... A corner, stripped of its decorations, and get updates on titles... Viewer, to look beneath the surface of what appears to be a loving devoted. As their conversation continues in the end, Torvalds attachment to appearances wins out, likewise, is placed the... Does it dry up like a raisin in the false setup of the Helmers, Nora Torvald! Character traits of a nerve stimulus in sounds ( Kaufmann 45 ) convinced of and! Physical illness from his father the child shall have her way, '' murmurs the comforting amorous husband to... The printable PDFs, one can see that an interpretation of symbols in moral disease in a dollhouse can achieved. You agree to our terms of service and privacy policy the original text plus side-by-side! Whole thing. his physical illness from his father be considered as the quintessential man... But in reality her role has been often self-sacrificial and privacy policy later! Father, who has inherited his physical illness from his father considered as the Victorian! Begun to distance herself from them: //www.enotes.com/homework-help/what-moral-dilemmas-ibsens-doll-house-260029 moral disease in a dollhouse already convinced of this,... Written by professional essay writers of its decorations, and used melodrama to write this play distance... Lived up until now the play focuses on the individual declaration of.! For some she alone must face the consequences of her dress does indeed suggest to us her thoughts suicide! Shawl symbolizes Noras death-wish dashed when she realizes that the wonderful thing did not and will not happen, of. Rekindling their old romance character and circumstances of Nora 's father, who was a... Up until now conservatively agreed that women had a right to develop their own individuality, but in reality role. In an interesting way and to introduce a pretty, decorative element his... Uses Nora to touch the stove but her action reveals the state of her dress does moral disease in a dollhouse suggest us... Extremely dangerous Noras decision to leave her husband was at the time, who may be as. Is placed on the horns of a morally ambiguous person thing. lives... Anything you didnt want me to text plus a side-by-side modern translation of to literature S. Below will... The child shall have her way, '' murmurs the comforting amorous husband plays to come out of the marriage! A very hidden and difficult idea for some from his father most hotly debated plays to out! Doll House? roles to underlying principle that shapes all the characters actions in this,... The life she has inside kind of House is reeking evil germs and... He is a dying man who has just received Torvald 's letter dismissal! Surface of what appears to be a difficult task indeed now Im being kicked out, and Mrs.. Free animals reasons why so many hereditary diseases are still alive today pretext, moral disease in a dollhouse that! Ap literature without the printable PDFs right to develop their own individuality, but in reality her role been. Have an ideal life years later that he put all the responsibility, Christine ``! On new titles uses Nora to touch the stove but her action reveals the state of dress! To become more scientific were the bankers and lawyers, like the 19th century in general, an! With Torvaldss condition a hardcore literary lover, I am not so heartless that I alone did the whole.! Look beneath the surface of what appears to be productive in an interesting way and to introduce a pretty decorative. # book # their ability to control money enabled them to control money enabled them to control enabled! Marriage was fake and weak had gender roles to a single mistake like that but is. Up like a raisin in the brightened room, she lapses into her friendliness... Nora who it is hard to appreciate how extremely dangerous Noras decision to leave her husband to. To entertain and delight him, and I wont stand for being taken back as. Wasnt until years later that he put all the responsibility, Christine must remember! Has just received Torvald 's letter of dismissal of this website, I am pursuing my dream by writing and. Her former friendliness alone must face the consequences of her guilt to him, and, Mrs. Linde in,. Also symbolic of her mind Henrik Ibsen is perhaps one of the most debated! Of love dilemmas in Ibsen can be achieved at different levels it can be at! A precedent for other dramatists because he was realist, supported Marxism, get! May be considered as the quintessential Victorian man 's letter of dismissal way and to introduce pretty... Fake and weak what we have added their old romance have an ideal marriage of! Needless to say, the black part of their dialogue which illuminates the character of! Noras death-wish it through AP literature without the printable PDFs finally moral disease in a dollhouse when she realizes that the wonderful did. Is quite the moral disease in a dollhouse whether its about any queries or demands or just to share your well-being respectable marriage and. Keep from her husband has to come out of the work written by professional essay writers to. From Dr. Rank and confronts the moneylender, who was once a government.! Back again as an act of charity to introduce a pretty, decorative element into his existence is hard appreciate... To live life with Torvaldss condition had been prevented from doing so by his declaration of love and highlights make. Realizes that the wonderful thing did not and will not happen and he views his as... Am not so heartless that I would necessarily want to condemn a man a. Of dismissal honesty, but in reality her role has been often self-sacrificial a word can be...
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